• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a cladding element for covering the oblique side of an elevation or excavation, in particular for a slope or course, the cladding element comprising a columnar concrete element comprising a base part, a head part and between the base part and head part a neck part, wherein the cross-section at the location of the neck part is smaller than the cross-sections at the location of the base part and the head part and wherein at least one of the base part and the head part has side surfaces with an at least partially convex and / or tapered shape; wherein the cladding element comprises at least one supporting element formed on a side surface or which can be placed against a side surface, the supporting element being formed for increasing the contact surface with an adjacent cladding element in use for absorbing transverse forces exerted or to be exerted on the cladding element.
    公开号:NL2015021A
    申请号:NL2015021
    申请日:2015-06-24
    公开日:2016-10-12
    发明作者:Cornelis Octavianus Martens Johannes
    申请人:H H Martens & Zoon B V；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    UPHOLSTERY ELEMENT AND ITS COMPOSITION
    The invention relates to a cladding element for cladding a subsurface, in particular the oblique side of an elevation or excavation, more in particular for a slope or course, the cladding element comprising a columnar concrete element comprising a base part and a neck part, wherein the cross-section at the location of the neck part is smaller than the cross-section at the location of the basic part and wherein at least the basic part has side surfaces with an at least partially convex and / or tapered shape. The invention further relates to an assembly of a number of juxtaposed or placeable covering elements for forming a covering.
    For covering cladding of embankments, such as dikes, sea defenses and the like, use can be made of concrete star stones, also referred to as concrete bank cladding elements. These bank cladding elements are placed in a certain relation on the subsurface (for example directly on the helbng or on a separate sublayer) and protect the slopes against external influences, for example against the influence (for example under the influence of the waves) of water from an adjacent slope. or excavation of existing water mass (sea, lake, waterway).
    Different types of star stones are used in practice, such as block-shaped star stones and columnar star stones. The different types of star blocks are used to realize different types of coverings, more in particular a closed cover (also referred to as closed roll) and an open cover (also referred to as an open roll).
    It is known to make use of a large number of concrete bricks arranged in a row relationship such that the oblique side of the accumulation or excavation is covered over at least a part of its surface. The relationship in which the bricks are set in combination with the type of bricks can lead to the above-mentioned different types of lining. The aforementioned block-shaped star bricks are used to realize a closed slope, that is to say an inclined surface against which the water flows substantially only against the top side (i.e. side facing the water). These have a cross-section such that they can be placed against each other substantially without interspace. In the case of covering a water barrier, this means that the water does not or only to a very small extent tends to flow along the sides of the block-shaped star blocks.
    Use can be made of the aforementioned columnar star stones or columnar cladding elements to provide open slope. These columnar bank covering elements are shaped such that a gap is formed between the adjacent covering elements. Water can flow through this gap, which can lead to lower overpressure under the covering elements as a result of water movements. To realize an open slope, use can also be made of a type of bank covering elements formed with a relatively wide head part, a relatively narrow neck part and again a relatively wide base part. When the bank covering elements are placed next to each other, the neck parts form an interspace that forms, as it were, a laterally extending channel through which water can flow. The head parts here have such a cross-sectional area that openings are present between the covering elements. These openings form a connection with the above-mentioned channel, so that water can flow from the water mass through the openings into the channel (or channels) and, conversely, this water can also flow out of the channel. Furthermore, the sides of the foot parts can be tapered and / or convex so that gaps are formed between adjacent foot parts where fixing material, such as grit, can collect and can be clamped. The aforementioned streams of water provides a damping effect of the influences of the water on the bank covering, which has a positive effect on the repelling capacities of the coating.
    It is known to transport such covering elements in one or more rows of covering elements placed against each other. For this purpose, the lining elements are pressed towards each other at the ends of the rows, for example by having a gripper of a crane or similar device engage two ends of a row and have transverse forces directed towards each other exerted on the lining elements. As a result of the mutual frictional force, the covering elements remain aligned and the entire row (or several rows) can be lifted and transported in one go, for example to the loading floor of a truck or to the surface to be covered. Hereby, the covering elements need not be supported on their underside.
    However, it has been found in practice that the transverse forces required to pick up and move the row of cladding elements can rise to such an extent and / or that these transverse forces engage on the cladding elements at such positions, cracks or cracks in the material of the cladding element. performance. Reducing the magnitude of the transverse forces could possibly prevent this, but then there is the risk that the covering elements can no longer be stably picked up.
    It is an object of the invention to provide a covering element as well as an assembly of a number of covering elements in which at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks is obviated.
    It is a further object of the invention to provide covering elements which, when arranged in a row, can be picked up and transported quickly, easily and stably, with the risk of damage, for example as a result of cracks and / or breakage. is small.
    According to a first aspect of the invention, at least one of the targets is at least partially achieved in a cladding element of the type mentioned in the preamble, wherein the cladding element comprises at least one supporting element formed on a side surface or placeable against a side surface, the supporting element is formed for increasing the contact surface with an adjacent cladding element in use for absorbing transverse forces exerted or to be exerted on the cladding element.
    In use, i.e. when at least two cladding elements are pressed against each other, the flat or non-planar sides of the supporting elements of adjacent cladding elements are placed against each other. In this way the pressing force, for example as a result of a gripper with which an assembly of covering elements can be clamped, can be distributed over a larger contact surface at the location of the base part and / or head part (where the support elements are situated). This reduces the risk of damage to the covering elements as a result of the tensile forces occurring as a result of the pressure.
    According to an embodiment, the side surface of the base part and / or head part is formed to provide a contact surface that extends over at least half, preferably more than 70% or 90% of the height of the base part and / or head part. By distributing the transverse force over such a large part of the height of, for example, the base part, the chance of "kinking" of the covering element and thus the occurrence of tensile forces desired in the concrete is reduced.
    In certain embodiments, the cladding element has no head portion or has a head portion with a smaller cross section than the base portion. In these embodiments, in use, only the base parts of adjacent cladding elements would be in contact with each other. In other embodiments, both a base part and a head part are provided which have such a shape and dimensions that the head parts and base parts touch each other (and thus have contact surfaces, respectively) when the covering elements are arranged next to each other. The support elements can be provided on the base part and / or on the head part (if present). Preferably, the support elements are provided on that part of the covering element on which the greatest transverse forces are exerted. In practice, this will therefore usually (but not always) be the base part, since the grab of the crane usually engages the lower part or base part.
    According to an embodiment, the support element has a substantially flat side surface for providing a substantially flat contact surface with a support element of an adjacent covering element. The side face may be flat (straight), but in other embodiments, the side face of a first support element defines a certain shape (e.g., a curved shape and / or a shape with protrusions) while a second support element defines a counter shape.
    According to an embodiment, the covering element comprises a first and a second support element, the first support element being provided on a first side surface with a base and / or head part and the second support element being provided on a second side surface, opposite the first side surface. The covering element can herein be manufactured from one whole or on two or more covering element parts to be placed against each other. If, for example, there are two half cladding element parts that together form a cladding element, each of the cladding element parts is provided with a single, separate support element.
    In certain embodiments, the support elements are provided only on the respective side faces. The support elements hereby ensure that transverse forces are absorbed in a single direction. In other embodiments, support elements are provided on more sides (for example on four sides) of the head part and / or the base part so that the support elements are suitable for absorbing transverse forces in two (orthogonal) directions.
    According to an embodiment, the support element forms an elongated contact surface, preferably with a width of at least 1 cm and at most 10 cm.
    According to an embodiment, the base part is formed to provide a first contact surface at the bottom edge of the base part and a second contact surface between the bottom edge and the top edge of the base part. The second contact surface can herein be formed on the support element. In this way the contact surface is increased upwards, which reduces the risk of damage with the occurrence of transverse forces.
    According to an embodiment, the cross-sectional dimensions of the neck part are at least 20% smaller than those of the head part to form a flow-through space between adjacent neck parts and / or the cross-sectional dimensions of the head part are at least 10% smaller than those of the basic part. Once the cladding elements are placed on the substrate to be covered, there must be gaps between the base parts of adjacent cladding elements to allow sand and similar material to accumulate in the interstices and to anchor the cladding elements mutually.
    According to an embodiment, an assembly of abutting or placing covering elements of the type described herein is provided.
    Further advantages, features and details of the present invention will be elucidated with reference to the following description thereof. Reference is made in the description to the accompanying figures, which show:
    Figure 1 shows a section through a dyke provided with an assembly of covering elements according to an embodiment of the invention;
    Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a row of covering elements comprising eight sub-elements, in the situation before they are pressed towards each other at the end ends of the row;
    Figure 3 shows the cladding elements of Figure 2, in the situation where the sub-elements are pressed against each other;
    Figure 4 is a detailed view of the base part of a covering element provided with a support element according to an embodiment of the invention;
    Figure 5 shows a detailed view of the foot parts of two upholstery elements positioned next to each other, the support elements being cold against each other;
    Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a number of covering elements placed against each other, with head parts contacting each other directly and the foot parts only via support elements;
    Figure 7 shows a top view of a row of covering elements placed against each other; and
    Figures 8-10 respectively side views of cladding elements according to further embodiments of the invention.
    Figure 1 shows a situation in which an assembly of covering elements according to the invention finds application. In the situation shown, the covering elements are intended for covering the oblique side of a course (i.e. a slope) of a dyke or similar water barrier for retaining a body of water. The coating must on the one hand be resistant to long-term influences of the water, but on the other hand it must have a natural appearance as much as possible.
    Figure 1 shows an example in which the covering is arranged on a slope (H) of a dike (D). The dike is arranged on a bottom (B) and has the function of stopping the water (W) of a neighboring waterway or the like. The covering comprises an assembly 1 of individual covering elements 2. The covering elements are placed side by side on the slope in a number of rows and columns.
    Referring to Figure 3, a concrete cladding element 2 is shown. This covering element is essentially columnar. The lower end of the cladding element, also referred to herein as the base part 6, has a substantially polygonal cross-section, while the upper end of the cladding element, also referred to herein as the head part 4, has a round, for example a substantially circular or oval-shaped, cross-section has. Other forms of the covering element are of course also possible. In the embodiment shown, a neck part 5 is provided between the head part 4 and the base part 6. This neck part, just like the head part, has a substantially round cross section. However, the cross-section at the location of the neck part is smaller than that of the base part and of the neck part.
    Due to the shape and dimensions of the neck parts 5 relative to the head parts, flow passages or flow spaces 7 are provided along which water can flow. The width (b1) of the head part 4 is preferably about the same size as the width (b3) of the base part 6, while the smallest width (b2) of the neck part 5 is much smaller than the width of the head part 4. When the If the covering elements are placed against each other, there will be contact surfaces at the location of the head part and the base part where the covering elements make contact with each other. Via the openings 20 (Figure 7) between the adjacent head parts 4, water (W) can end up from the water mass in the continuous flow space 7 formed between the neck parts 5.
    Referring to Figure 2, in a particular embodiment, each cladding element 2 can be composed of two (or more) cladding element parts 13, 13 ". In the embodiment shown, a cladding element further comprises two identical halves, each half (cladding element part) having a flat side 14. In the position of use, the covering element parts 13 are placed with their flat sides 14 against each other to form together a single (assembled / combined) covering element 2. In other embodiments, however, the cladding elements have a monolithic structure and are formed in one piece.
    The combined covering element 2 further has a flat underside 10 with which it can rest stably on a flat surface, for example the aforementioned bottom (B) or the loading floor of a truck. Furthermore, the base part 6 of the cladding element 2 has a wide upright side 11 and two narrow upright sides 12. Each of the sides 11, 12 is slightly convex (convex), the convex side facing out.
    If the two covering elements 2 are now placed against each other, for example when the covering elements are to be transported or when they are placed on the ground, the convex sides 11 of the base part of the covering element will in part have a space 8 (Figure 3) between the sides. 11 of neighboring cladding elements. The convex shape of the side surfaces 11 of the covering elements ensure that at least at the location of the foot parts or base parts the covering elements placed against each other have only a small contact surface. If the side surfaces were to be entirely convex, this contact surface would form a point contact or line contact.
    Figure 2 shows a row of four cladding elements 2, each of which is composed of two sub-elements 13, 13 ". When the cladding elements are to be transported, for example with a truck from the concrete factory to the destination or from the loading floor of the truck to the subsurface of the slope, they are pressed against each other by transverse forces opposite to the ends of the row of cladding elements (direction Pi and P2). This can be realized, for example, by a metal gripper (not shown) with a clamping jaw that can engage at the ends of the row of covering elements and can press them together until the covering elements are placed tightly against each other (Figure 3). This gripper can for instance be arranged on a crane mounted on the truck or can form part of a machine with which the covering elements are placed on the slope or the embankment. By making the pressing force sufficiently large, the cladding elements can be pressed against each other so firmly that the entire row of cladding elements can be lifted by the gripper at once (without further support) and can be put down in the right place. Although in the figures only a single row of covering elements is grasped, in practice two or more adjacent rows of covering elements can be clamped and picked up in one go.
    Due to the shape of the side faces 11 of the base parts of the cladding elements, the contact surfaces between the cladding elements would form a point contact or line contact. The contact surfaces would therefore be relatively small. In the illustrated embodiment, the foot parts are shaped in such a way (ie with the largest width at the lower edge of the base part and from the bottom edge to the upper edge with a decreasing width, for example by tapering the base part (linearly or in a boiling where the boiling has, for example, a radius of 600 mm) that the contact surface defines a point contact.
    The size of the contact surface in this embodiment is therefore extremely small (almost zero). In figure 4 the contact surface 19 is shown relatively large for the sake of clarity of the drawing. In the example shown, the contact area will actually be smaller. In other embodiments, for example in embodiments in which the lower edge of the foot has a less convex side, the contact surface is larger.
    Furthermore, due to the shape of the side surfaces shown, the contact surfaces (which are schematically indicated in Figures 2 and 4 by reference numeral 19) would be at the lower end of the cladding element, that is to say near the surface 10. If the aforementioned pressing forces become too great, tensile forces may occur in the coating elements as a result of the relatively small contact surfaces 19 and / or due to the position of the contact surfaces 19 in relation to the further shape of the covering elements. These tensile forces, certainly in the case that the cladding elements are made of (unreinforced) concrete, can cause damage to the cladding elements.
    In order to avoid the above-mentioned damage or to reduce the risk thereof, the surfaces 11 are provided with support elements 20. In the embodiment of Fig. 4, the support elements 20 are formed by an elongated protruding part which is shaped such that the curvature of the side surface is entirely local or partially collected. More in particular, a support element 20 comprises an essentially wedge-shaped strip of concrete material which has a relatively small thickness (d) on the underside (near the existing contact surface 19) and a relatively large thickness (d) on the upper side (Figure 6). The strip of concrete material further forms a flat side 21. If now the cladding elements 2 are pressed against each other and adjacent supporting elements 20, 20 '(Figure 5) are pressed against each other, an additional contact surface 23 will be realized in addition to the contact surface 19. This further contact surface ensures a more even distribution of the forces over the cladding element (in other words, the total contact surface is increased, typically 5 times, 10 times or even more. The specific position of the additional contact surface 23, namely above the original contact surface 19, together with the contact surface 24 between adjacent head parts 3, ensures that less internal tensile forces occur in the concrete cladding element.These measures reduce the risk of breakage of the cladding elements, for example during transport in the factory, transport by truck from the factory to the environment where the covering elements must be placed and transport from the truck to the surface to be coated is greatly reduced.
    In the embodiments shown, the support elements 20 are formed on both relatively large side surfaces 11 of a covering element and the other, relatively small side surfaces 12 are not provided with such support elements. This means that for transporting the covering elements with their large side surfaces 11 facing each other with sufficient force are pressed against each other to be able to pick up the whole without support on the underside. When simultaneously transporting two or more rows of cladding elements, the small side faces 12 of adjacent rows of cladding elements may or may not contact each other. However, since they are not pressed against each other with great force, the aforementioned supporting elements 20 can be dispensed with. In other embodiments, however, support elements are provided on both the large side faces 11 and the small side faces 12.
    In the embodiment shown, the support elements 20 are shaped such that the flat side 21 essentially extends vertically (when the covering element is arranged with the underside 10 on a horizontal surface). In other embodiments, the flat side 21 can also extend obliquely with respect to the bottom. In these embodiments, the support elements are not all the same anymore. In a particular embodiment, a first side surface 11 has a support element with a flat side that extends obliquely inwards, while the opposite second side surface extends the flat side obliquely outwards. Thus, if the cladding elements are correctly abutting against each other, a complete contact surface between neighboring cladding elements can nevertheless be achieved. Other variants are also possible, but in many cases they are less practical. For example, the side faces of the support elements need not be flat. They can have a specific shape. As long as this shape can only be absorbed by a counter-shape of an opposite support element, a relatively large contact surface can nevertheless be realized. With a correct choice of the shape and counter-shape, for example when the side 21 describes an S-shape in cross-section, the upward or downward displacement of the covering elements can be prevented.
    The supporting elements can be formed during the production process of the covering element, for example by providing a corresponding recess in the mold cavity of the mold and pouring it into this mold cavity with a concrete recess. In other embodiments, the support elements are manufactured in a separate production process and after manufacture attached to the cladding elements, for example, by attaching them thereto. In these embodiments, the support element can also be made of a base material other than concrete, for example of plastic. In yet other embodiments, the separately manufactured support elements are not attached to the covering element, but are placed loosely between the adjacent covering elements. In the latter embodiments, the support elements can be essentially double in relation to the support elements shown in the figures: each support element comprises two opposite curved side surfaces which are formed to accommodate the curvatures of two adjacent covering elements.
    Figure 8 shows a row 40 of covering elements 41 of different shape. In these embodiments, a covering element comprises only a base part 42 and a neck or neck part 43. The neck or neck part 43 has the shape of a blunt ball in the embodiments shown. Further embodiments are shown in Figures 9 and 10. Of these embodiments, the base part 42 is always the same as that of the covering elements 41 of Figure 8, but in Figure 9 the neck part is hollow (with a cavity 45 on the top side of the covering element) and in Figure 10 the neck part is designed as a somewhat pointed bulb (with a bulb shape 46 on the top of the neck portion). In embodiments without a head part or with a smaller head part than the base part, when the cladding elements are placed against each other, there will be no contact surface at the top of the cladding element. This means that there is a chance that the cladding elements can fall out of the gripper / clamp during clamping with a gripper or clamp, because they lean towards each other and cannot cling to the adjacent head parts. The inclination of the cladding elements towards each other can be prevented or reduced by placing one or more of the abovementioned supporting elements between the cladding elements.
    The present invention is not limited to the embodiments thereof described herein. The rights sought are defined by the following claims, within the scope of which numerous modifications are conceivable.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    Cladding element for cladding a substrate, in particular the sloping side of an elevation or excavation, more particularly for a slope or a course, the cladding element comprising a columnar concrete element comprising a base part and a neck part, wherein the cross-section is locally of the neck part is smaller than the cross-section at the location of the base part and wherein at least the base part has side surfaces with an at least partially convex and / or tapered shape; wherein the cladding element is formed so that in use both the base part and the head part of adjacent cladding elements have a mutual contact surface and wherein the contact surface at the location of the basic part is formed by at least one supporting element formed on a side surface or placeable against a side surface, the support element has a substantially flat side surface for providing a substantially flat contact surface with a support element of the adjacent cladding element for increasing the contact surface with the adjacent cladding element in use to absorb transverse force exerted or to be exerted on the cladding element.
    [2]
    2. Cladding element according to claim 1, wherein the support element forms an elongated contact surface, preferably with a width of at least 1 cm and at most 10 cm.
    [3]
    3. Cladding element as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the columnar concrete element comprises a base part, a head part and a neck part between the base part and head part, wherein - the cross-section at the neck part is smaller than the cross-section at the base part and the head part - at least one of the base part and the head part has side surfaces with an at least partially convex and / or tapered shape, - the covering element comprises at least one support element formed on a side surface or can be placed against a side surface, and - wherein the support element is formed for increasing the contact surface with an adjacent cladding element in use for absorbing transverse forces exerted or to be exerted on the cladding element.
    [4]
    4. Cladding element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the side surface of the base part and / or head part is formed to provide a contact surface which extends over at least half, preferably more than 70% or 90% of the height of the base part and / or head part.
    [5]
    5. Cladding element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the support element is adapted to at least partially receive the boiling and / or taper of the side surface of the base and / or head part.
    [6]
    The covering element according to claim 1, wherein the side surface is substantially straight and / or wherein the side surface is designed to extend in the vertical direction when the covering element is placed on a horizontal surface.
    [7]
    7. Cladding element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, comprising a first and a second support element, wherein the first support element is provided on a first side surface of a base and / or head part and the second support element is provided on a second side surface, opposite the first side face.
    [8]
    8. Cladding element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the base part is formed for providing a first contact surface at the bottom edge of the base part and a second contact surface between the bottom edge and the top edge of the base part.
    [9]
    9. Cladding element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support element essentially has a wedge shape.
    [10]
    10. Cladding element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the base part has a polygonal cross-section and / or wherein the sides are convex.
    [11]
    11. Cladding element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cladding element is of monolithic design.
    [12]
    12. Cladding element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concrete of the entire cladding element is substantially homogeneous.
    [13]
    13. Cladding element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the cross-sectional dimensions of the neck part are at least 20% smaller than those of the head part for forming a flow-through space between adjacent neck parts and / or wherein the cross-sectional dimensions of the head part are is at least 10% smaller than that of the basic part.
    [14]
    14. Cladding element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the base part has a polygonal cross-section and wherein the sides are convex.
    [15]
    An assembly of facing elements placed or placed against each other according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the covering elements are in contact with each other at least via the support elements.
    类似技术:
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    WO2013053001A1|2013-04-18|Composite structure
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    GB2306524A|1997-05-07|Cruciform surfacing blocks
    EP3633108A1|2020-04-08|Assembly of concrete blocks for covering a dyke
    NL1023362C2|2004-11-09|Block for covering dyke embankment, has lateral sides provided with off centre recesses extending between top and bottom sides
    FR3057588B1|2019-09-20|BUILDING ELEMENT IN TERRACOTTA
    NL2014571B1|2017-01-06|Stabilized damping element, as well as flood defense with such damping elements.
    EP3277888B1|2021-02-17|Damping element with improved foot part
    NL2011871C2|2015-06-01|UPHOLSTERY ELEMENT.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2015021B1|2017-01-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US929366A|1909-05-25|1909-07-27|Edward Alcott|Pavement.|
    US1422193A|1920-05-08|1922-07-11|Charles L Sullivan|Paving block|
    AU546743B2|1981-11-11|1985-09-19|Nicolon B.V.|Revetment blocks to make grids + mats|
    DE9402682U1|1994-02-18|1995-06-14|Loesch Gmbh Betonwerke|Paving stone or paving slab made of concrete|
    DE19918143A1|1999-04-21|2000-10-26|Sf Koop Gmbh Beton Konzepte|Concrete paving slab; has circular or annular spacers of deformable plasters fixed onto vertical side faces of slab, to define gap between neighbouring slabs|
    NL1019174C2|2001-06-26|2003-01-09|Jakob Gerrit Hendrik Pannekoek|Covering element for protecting banks and shores from waves is hexagonal with alternate straight and concave sides latter forming gentle cavities|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2014600|2015-04-08|EP16164416.6A| EP3078777A1|2015-04-08|2016-04-08|Revetment element with spacers|
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